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Abstract The development of semi-automated and automated ontology alignment techniques is an important part of realizing the potential of the Semantic Web. Until very recently, most existing work in this area was focused on finding simple (1:1) equivalence correspondences between two ontologies. However, many real-world ontology pairs involve correspondences that contain multiple entities from each ontology. These ‘complex’ alignments pose a challenge for existing evaluation approaches, which hinders the development of new systems capable of finding such correspondences. This position paper surveys and analyzes the requirements for effective evaluation of complex ontology alignments and assesses the degree to which these requirements are met by existing approaches. It also provides a roadmap for future work on this topic taking into consideration emerging community initiatives and major challenges that need to be addressed. 

AgreementMakerLight (AML) is an ontology matching system designed with scalability, extensibility and satisfiability as its primary guidelines, as well as an emphasis on the ability to incorporate external knowledge. In OAEI 2019, AML’s development focused mainly on expanding its range of complex matching algorithms, but there were also improvements on its instance matching pipeline and ontology parsing algorithm. AML remains the system with the broadest coverage of OAEI tracks, and among the top performing systems overall. 

AgreementMakerLight (AML) is an automated ontology matching system based primarily on element-level matching and on the use of external resources as background knowledge. This paper describes its configuration for the OAEI 2016 competition and discusses its results. For this OAEI edition, we tackled instance matching for the first time, thus expanding the coverage of AML to all types of ontology matching tasks. We also explored OBO logical definitions to match ontologies for the first time in the OAEI. AML was the top performing system in five tracks (including the Instance and instance-based Process Model tracks) and one of the top performing systems in three others (including the novel Disease and Phenotype track, in which it was one of three prize recipients).